Annotated Bibliographies
Johansen, K. A., Schneider, J. F., McCaffree, M. A., & Woods, G. L. (2008). Efforts of the United States’ National Marrow Donor Program and Registry to improve utilization and representation of minority donors. Transfusion Medicine, 18(4), 250-259. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2008.00865.x
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This publication was very resourceful in explaining popular reasons for dropping out of the registry as well as explaining the ideal scenario to generate permanent donors. Johansen even explicitly outlines the barrios for African Americans in joining the registry. By using the information in this article I can highlight key points that will make campus swab drives most effective as well as help encourage African American (and other ethnicities ideally) to the registry. This article also gave me some other scholars to look into for further research.
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Schmidt, A. H., Sauter, J., Pingel, J., & Ehninger, G. (2014). Toward an Optimal Global Stem Cell Donor Recruitment Strategy. Plos ONE, 9(1), 1-10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086605
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Schmidt, Sauter, Pingel, and Ehniger studied the effectiveness of an international donor registry versus domestic donations. Specifically they measured the “impact of recruitment” between nations. What they found was that globally, the database was benefitted more from growth in registries that are poorly represented (Spain) than growth in well established and representative registries (Germany). This is useful in my project because it clearly explains how important it is to grow the under-representative American database as well as if by figuring out how to bridge understanding and recruit minorities we may be able to use these tactics and grow the database in countries with even poorer or no registries.
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Hyde, M. K., & White, K. M. (2013). Testing an extended theory of planned behavior to predict young people's intentions to join a bone marrow donor registry. Journal Of Applied Social Psychology, 43(12), 2462-2467. doi:10.1111/jasp.12195
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This article analyzes the characteristics of the young (18-30 year-olds) people that are most likely to join the bone marrow donor registry. This study isolates young females who are already blood donors as the most likely potential donor to consider joining the registry. However, Hyde and White found that while these people would often look into what was involved in joining the registry, none of them registered on their own. These subjects would join if given the opportunity. This makes me think that for my study, students will be more likely to join the registry on campus if there is a specific drive with all the materials set up for them. I would like to continue their line of thinking and see if there are any noticeable trends with these specific traits within each specific ethnic group. Is the most effective way to grow each minority to focus on female blood donors?
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Bergstrom, T. C., Garratt, R. J., & Sheehan-Connor, D. (2009). One Chance in a Million: Altruism and the Bone Marrow Registry. The American Economic Review, 99(4), 1309-1334.
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This article defines the current presence of various ethnicities within the registry as well as creating an optimal percentage to aim to achieve. Throughout the calculations, Bergstrom et al. provide insight into “more appealing” scenarios to entice recruitment. They decided that it is not desirable to add as many people as possible to the registry, but to have a small enough pool that if called to be a match, that person is likely the only match. I always saw it as the more options the better, but they brought up the point that scarcity can help donors feel needed, and therefore encourage them to join the registry. This can help with campaign tactics to recruit collegiate donors.
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Laver, J. (2001). Assessment of barriers to bone marrow donation by unrelated African-American potential donors. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 7(1), 45-48. doi: 10.1053/bbmt.2001.v7.pm11215698
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This study found that creating a specific education program targeted to African Americans can help increase their representation in the database. While this is helpful and an assumption in my project, they were able to isolate specific obstacles that have prevented registration in the past. Specifically, if provided ample opportunity, plenty of education and awareness for how important it is for each minority specifically, as well as how painless free the procedure is, they are more likely to donate. I will definitely use these sample characteristics in my recruiting studies with ethnically diverse college students.
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Switzer, G. E., Dew, M. A., Stukas, A. A., Goycoolea, J. M., Hegland, J., & Simmons, R. G. (1999). Factors associated with attrition from a national bone marrow registry. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 24(3), 313-319. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701884
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This article dives deeper into the characteristics of donors who drop out of the database when called as a potential match. Their survey found that there were no specific demographics that really correlated with attrition, but those who felt compelled to register to help compensate for a lack of representation in the database for their individual ethnic group were more likely to leave. They also suggest reducing social pressures at swab drives. These are two points that I have always drawn heavily on when recruiting new members. It'd be interesting to see if students are more likely to join and stay for life if they know about the discrepancies between ethnicities or if they are not made aware.
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